Recommendations Report IBM’s Watson - 4318 Words

Recommendations Report IBM’s Watson One night while out to dinner with his coworkers IMB research manager Charles Lickel noticed that the restaurant he was eating at fell to a complete silence. Everyone had their eyes locked on the nearest television; Ken Jennings was in the middle of his 74th consecutive winning streak on Jeopardy. Lickel was intrigued by what had happened that night and decided that beating Jeopardy could be an exciting challenge for IBM. However finding a researcher to take on this challenge was not so easy. It would be a very complex challenge and would require radical innovations in the science of artificial intelligence. Eventually an IBM researcher David Ferrucci and his team took the challenge to create a†¦show more content†¦IBM’s business model is based on continuous forward motion. A a well established firm and because they now have the tools in place to develop and capture economic opportunity IBM will not hesitate to adopt or develop new technologies such as Watson. There are two types of innovation, incremental innovations which improving existing products or practices, but IBM’s research teams are encouraged to take on â€Å"grand challenges,† challenges that drive science. These grand challenges produce radical innovations which provide new and very different solutions; the development of Watson was no exception. Watson is a competence enhancing innovation for IBM and is built on existing knowledge from IBM’s research in AI. AI’s S-curve in technology improvement has been slow to improve mainly because it has been poorly understood. Language is one of the areas concerning AI that has been the slowest to improve. As humans we relate words, images, phrases, and ideas back into the way we think which is called natural language. Since the begging of the computer era people have expected computers to be able to understand and speak in natural language, however so far computers have failed to be able to do so. Natural la nguage is very complex, something that computers have a hard time following. Computers are used to clear-cut commands in language where as human language is something different. In the development of Watson theShow MoreRelatedIbm s Implementation Of Electronic Health Records Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pages† (Radical and incremental innovation, 2013, p. 1). From this definition, IBM is a prime example of a radical innovation. The Watson super computer has performed activities no other invention has before. IBM has gone through at least five radical changes in its environment such as †¢ Mainframes †¢ Minis †¢ PCs †¢ Product to service and †¢ Open source (Silberzahn, 2010). IBM’s implementation of Electronic Health Records (HER) at a national level, shows how their radical innovation affects the health careRead MoreThe Idea Of Ibm Promotion1310 Words   |  6 Pagespromoting the idea of evolution and future of the computing, based on the cognitive science, however in a larger practical form, translating the idea of this advanced system for a more real universe. Also, the other focus of the campaign is to advertise Watson in an emotional level as involving arts, music, fashion industry. In this approach, the objective is to promote the company for the public, different of their macro segment that is Business to Business. The piece of communication that represents theRead MoreIbm Decade of Transformation13401 Words   |  54 Pagescade of 9-805-130 REV: JULY 8, 2009 LYNDA M. APPLEGATE ROBERT AUSTIN ELIZABETH COLLINS IBMs Decade of Transformation: Turnaround to Growth This is my last annual letter to you. By the time you read this, Sam Palmisano will be our new chief executive officer, the eighth in IBM’s history. He will be responsible for shaping our strategic direction as well as leading our operations. . . . I want to use this occasion to offer my perspective on what lies ahead for our industry. To many observersRead Morediversity as strategy7058 Words   |  29 Pagesworkforce diversity as an area of strategic focus. But when Gerstner took a look at his senior executive team, he felt it didn’t reï ¬â€šect the diversity of the market for talent or IBM’s customers and employees. To rectify the imbalance, in 1995 Gerstner launched a diversity task-force initiative that became a cornerstone of IBM’s HR strategy. The effort continued through Gerstner’s tenure and remains today under current CEO Sam Palmisano. Rather than attempt to eliminate discrimination by deliberatelyRead MoreCase Study Of The College Graduates For The Future1797 Words   |  8 Pagesright skills to manage and maintain the automated workflow. Main Article The potential of artificial intelligence and advanced robotics to perform tasks once reserved for humans is no longer reserved for spectacular demonstrations by the likes of IBM’s Watson, Rethink Robotics’ Baxter, DeepMind, or Google’s driverless car. Just head to an airport: automated check-in kiosks now dominate many airlines’ ticketing areas. Pilots actively steer aircraft for just three to seven minutes of many flights, withRead MoreDisruptive Innovation And Its Innovation Essay1906 Words   |  8 Pagesof the new products improve, they will attract the least-demanding as well as more-demanding customers from original value network and pull them into the new value network. Disruptive Innovation in Automation Technology Industry According to a report published by the McKinsey Global Institute, some of the great information technology disruptions in last few years are Mobile Internet, Automation of knowledge work, Internet of Things, Cloud, and 3D printing. These innovations have changed the wayRead MoreComparative Study of Quality of Work Life Management in Tcs Ibm: a Case Study Analysis14194 Words   |  57 PagesPROJECT REPORT On â€Å"COMPARATIVE STUDY OF QUALITY OF WORK LIFE MANAGEMENT IN TCS amp; IBM: A CASE STUDY ANALYSIS† FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF â€Å"MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINSTRATION† FROM GGS IP UNIVERSITY NEW DELHI BATCH: 2011-2013 Submitted by: Submitted to: Sheetal Yadav Dr. Parul Gupta ARMY INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT amp; TECHNOLOGY, GREATER NOIDA (UP) – 201306 BACKGROUNDRead MoreSupply Chain Risk Management6330 Words   |  26 PagesConsequence: Tales from the Industry Supply Chain Risk Categories Disruptive Events, Uncertainty and Impact Models and Methods for Supply Chain Risk Management Example of Risk Management for IBM’s Product Supply Chains An Approach for Measuring the Impact of Identified Supply Chain Risks Key Lessons from IBM’s Supply Chain Risk Management Approach The Landscape: Supply Chain Risk Management Supply Chain Risk Management: Getting Started In Summary Authors Footnotes 4 6 7 9 12 15 17 18 19 21 22 23 Read MoreMarketing Project of Reckitt Benckiser19417 Words   |  78 Pagesof the industry working group, AIM PROGRESS, we will continue to share best practice to improve standards and reduce the audit burden for suppliers. *Note that we will continue to measure environmental performance per unit of reduction, but also to report absolute numbers where possible. 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Essay on Buddhism in Japan - 3757 Words

â€Å"Buddhism has the characteristics of what would be expected in a cosmic religion for the future; it transcends a personal God, avoids dogmas and theology; it covers both the natural and spiritual, and it is based on a religious sense aspiring from the experience of all things, natural and spiritual, as a meaningful unity.† Albert Einstein (Buddhism) Buddhism has affected many people. From the Buddha’s first followers to my next door neighbor, people everywhere have followed the teachings of Buddhism. Buddhism was started by a Prince; a prince who wanted more. Many different ways of showing appreciation to Buddha are present in today’s society as well as when Buddhism was first started. There are paintings, carvings, statues and†¦show more content†¦One was an elderly man, another was a man suffering from illness, and finally he saw a dead body surrounded by mourners. Since he had never seen anything like this before, he asked his charioteer what these things were. He responded to the Prince that these things were natural and unavoidable, and happened to everyone. Once again Siddhartha asked his charioteer to take him out into the city; this time he was to see the last of four images that would change his life forever. The last sight he saw was a wandering old holy man with no possessions. His head was comp letely shaved and he was wearing a yellow robe. Having seen all these things, Buddha not only became aware of the pain and suffering of humankind, but was also prompted to do something about it. He left his family in search of the answers to his questions (Buddhism). Siddhathra traveled throughout the northeastern portion of India, seeking out holy men and teachers who taught him ancient Indian techniques of meditation. Even though meditation was important to him, his main quest was to find the answer to the problem of suffering. He wanted to know why they were suffering and how it could stop. So Siddhartha studied the teachings of Hinduism. He was very fascinated by the belief of reincarnation or Samsara. (This was the belief of the soul, after death, would travel to a new body and be born again.) Depending on the person’s previous life, their soul could enter a body of a higher or lower state ofShow MoreRelatedThe Buddhist Temple of Chicago practices one of the most popular sects of Buddhism in Japan called700 Words   |  3 PagesBuddhist Temple of Chicago practices one of the most popular sects of Buddhism in Japan called Jodo Shinsu, also known as Pure Land Buddhism (ShotÃ…  1). Instead of stressing the Eight Fold Path, as tradition al Theravada Buddhists do, Pure Land Buddhists chose to interpret the teachings of the Buddha more freely (Wangu 1). Furthermore, Pure Land Buddhists seek guidance from Amitabha Buddha, a deity figure from Mahayana Buddhism (Wangu 1). As the current ruler of the Western Paradise of Sahavaki, itRead MoreThe Religions : Buddhism And Shinto1678 Words   |  7 Pagestwo religions: Buddhism and Shinto. Buddhism was brought into Japan during the early 6th century from Korea, and was later institutionalized as the state religion in the late 6th century by Prince ShÃ… toku. The Prince was a great patron of Buddhism and by having made it the state religion, it would help Buddhism spread. However, Japan was not without its own religion—Shinto—which had been there for many years prior to the arrival of Buddhism. With Buddhism gaining traction in Japan with the help ofRead MoreEssay on Shintoism and Buddhism1210 Words   |  5 PagesShintoism and Buddhism The Japanese religions, including Shintosim and Buddhism, are rich and complex, and it contains many condradictory trends which may puzzle a Westerner. In the center of the tradition is Shinto, the natural religion of Japan. Also in the center is Buddhism, the Indian religion that was brought to Japan in the sixth century from Korea and China. Throughout the history of Japan, it has been these two religions that have contributed most to the Japanese understandingRead MoreWhen Asia Was the World Book Analysis Essay1110 Words   |  5 PagesGordon’s When Asia Was The World, I found the story of Xuanzang very interesting. Xuanzang was a Buddhist monk who traveled all over to learn more about Buddhism until he became confused and decided to go to the center of Buddhism, along the way he faced many difficulties, he decided to go back to China and share what he had learned. Buddhism began in India; it was founded by Siddhartha Gautama, a prince, born in Nepal. Siddhartha Gautama wandered around for awhile acting like a beggar to figureRead More China and Japan Essay1013 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout the dynasties in China and Japan, religion, economy and politics have been affected by each other in various ways. In the book â€Å"Religion and Making of Modern East Asia†, Thomas Dubois brings to light the impact religion made on both politics and economy in China and Japan throughout the historical period up till date. In his words, he describes â€Å"religion as an extremely political force† (Dubois, 2011, pp. 7-16). As various religions were introduced, it shaped the politics ofRead MoreThe Night Watches Of The Buddha1747 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion 2 Analyze the night Watches of the Buddha, and explain how the content was developed in the Mahayana Sutras. Mahayana Buddhism is originated in the first century C.E. and focuses on new concern for liberation through the assistance of a bodhisattva (Voorst ). Also, Mahayana Buddhism requires a body of scripture, and so began the Mahayana Canon (Voorst ). Mahayana Sutras is one of section of the Mahayana Canon, which focuses on the denial of the reality of existence and nonexistenceRead MoreBuddhism and Christianity1411 Words   |  6 Pagescentury Christianity endured great persecution in China and Japan. Christianity became extinct in China and Japan until sixteenth century when European Christian missionaries first came to Asia. Upon meeting Buddhist monks the Christian missionaries realized there seem to be many similarities between Christianity and Buddhism. They noticed many other similarities in doctrine and books as well. 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The eastward spread of Christianity was primarily a form of Christianity known as Nestorianism, after the teachings of Nestorius, a fifth century patriarch. By 635 Nestorian Christianity had reached the heart of China spreading through all of Persia and India. DuringRead MoreChina And Jap Spirituality, Belief And Faith Are Personal1271 Words   |  6 PagesStudy of Religion in China and Japan Spirituality, belief and faith are personal. This statement means that an individual takes his own path on religion. Religion is a system of worship that connects human behaviors, practices, organizations, ethics, texts and world views to the supernatural world. Religion is widespread and diverse in various ways. The contents of one religion may not be similar to those of other religions. The differences may be identified through the supernatural being, faith

Consequences of China’s One Child Policy Free Essays

HIST HP 264-002| Consequences of China’s One-Child Policy| | | In the mid 1950’s, China’s population grew rapidly under Mao Zedong. He felt that the only way for China to get back on its feet was to become industrialized and that China would need manpower for this industrialization. â€Å"Even if China’s population multiplies many times, she is fully capable of finding a solution; the solution is production,† Mao Zedong proclaimed in 1949. We will write a custom essay sample on Consequences of China’s One Child Policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Of all things in the world, people are the most precious. † The population grew so dramatically that the country’s resources were becoming scarce. In 1979, just three years after Mao’s death, the â€Å"One-Child Policy† took effect. This law was implemented by Deng Xiaoping to curb the population growth. The original intent for this policy was economically based. There had been a great famine, in which many people lost their lives, and China wanted to prevent this from happening again. There was not enough suitable farmland to provide food for the entire population nor was there enough water. They wanted to reduce the demand for natural resources, maintain a steady labor rate, and reduce unemployment caused by surplus labor. China’s justification for this policy was based on their support of the Marxist theory of population growth. This policy has been called the largest population control effort in history. The policy is very controversial mainly due to the way enforcement has been carried out. While the policy itself has achieved its main goal, by preventing over 400 million births from 1979-2010, the long-term consequences for China will be great. The one-child policy has many regulations. China maintains that this a voluntary policy but the enforcement of the policy has proven otherwise. I will touch briefly on a few of the most important points of the policy. The policy states that both the husband and wife must both practice birth planning. Birth outside of marriage is not allowed. Couples are permitted to have one child. Late marriage and late births are encouraged. Couples who follow the policy and have only one child will be given a certificate to receive rewards and preferential treatment. Those who refuse to follow the policy and give birth to a second child will be fined from the month that the child is born. The wages or annual income of both husband and wife will be decreased by ten to twenty percent for seven years. Regarding pregnancy not adherent to the plan, both husband and wife will be imposed a fine monthly during the period of pregnancy. If the pregnancy is terminated, the fine imposed will be returned. China’s system in caring for the elderly after retirement is simple. The eldest son is generally responsible. In earlier days, this was not such a terrible burden. However, with China’s one-child policy, many families find themselves in quite a predicament when their one child is a girl. A girl is traditionally groomed to be married. When the time comes for her to marry, she leaves her family and becomes a part of her husband’s family. She then becomes responsible for helping her husband care for his aging parents. Thus, her own family will be left without support and care. Even in cases where the family’s only child is a son, the â€Å"4-2-1 Problem† is often created. There is an increased burden on the one child to provide for his aging parents and grandparents, in addition to his immediate family. (The 4-2-1 policy refers to 4 grandparents, 2 parents, and 1 child. If personal savings, pensions or state welfare fail and the single child cannot care for the older adult relatives, the older generations would face a lack of resources and necessities. This is just one possible consequence to China’s one-child policy. When mothers become pregnant for the first time, some manage to have an ultrasound to determine the sex of the baby. This is i llegal in China but still happen none-the-less. If the parents learn that this first child is a girl, it is sometimes aborted. This is due to China’s preference of boys. There are many reasons that Chinese families prefer boys. One reason is an old religious link to Confucianism that prefers sons over daughters. Another reason is that a son is believed to be stronger and better able to help the family with farm work. Also, as I stated earlier, a son will support his parents in retirement and take care of them. A daughter would leave her family and become a part of her husband’s family. Sex-selective abortions are leading to a decline in the female population, which will also have long-term consequences as well. In China, boys are considered to be so important culturally, that a family is looked down on if they do not produce a boy. Therefore, having a boy is a source of great pride for a family. As if they can control their baby’s gender, wives are often threatened to be sent back home to their own families if they cannot produce a boy. When a woman is sent back to her own family, it is considered to be very shameful for both she and her family. Also, she would now be seen as a burden to her own family. They would have another mouth to feed and would have to support her as well. This would create further hardships for her family. Another consequence is the danger associated with enforcing the policy. In the early years of the policy, there were drastic measures taken to ensure that the policy was enforced. Population control workers were hired to enforce the policy strictly. Forced abortions were common amongst these enforcement procedures. Portable ultrasound devices were used to identify candidates who were carrying second children in remote villages. Some mothers who were eight and a half months pregnant were forced to abort their babies. This was often carried out by injecting a saline solution directly into the mother’s stomach. If mothers did not go to the clinic willingly to have the abortions, they were dragged there by force. There have even been reports of mothers who were already nine months pregnant, and in labor, having their babies killed while they were still in the birth canal. This not only harms the unborn child but also puts the mother’s health at risk with the possibility of hemorrhaging, infection, or even death. After these forced abortions, these mothers were subjected to forced sterilization as well. This means that if the government ever changes their mind and retracts the policy, these mothers will have no chance of having another child. Often, a mother becomes pregnant with a second child and manages to keep it a secret from the authorities for fear of forced abortions. If the family is wealthy, they are sometimes allowed to keep the baby if they pay large monetary fines to the government. The amounts of the fines are based on the statistics of the particular area where they are located. They can also have their houses and land taken away as a penalty. They can be denied bonuses at work or may lose their jobs altogether. Parents with more than one child are not given the same benefits as parents of only one child. They must pay for both children to go to school and pay for the entire family’s healthcare. Most families are not able to pay these fines nor are they able to survive without the significant benefits that are normally provided. This leads to families living in poverty and even death due to starvation or lack of proper healthcare. Another consequence of China’s one-child policy is the rate of female infanticide. Parents often panic when their baby is a girl and either kill the baby themselves or abandon the baby. Babies are abandoned in many ways. Sometimes they are taken to remote places and left to die. Other times they are left in public places, with or without notes, so that they can be found and taken to an orphanage. If the child is not found immediately, they can often be malnourished or in poor health when arriving at an orphanage. When this is the case, and a baby is beyond help, some Chinese orphanages have what are called â€Å"dying rooms†. These rooms are horrific. Babies are strapped to a chair with a hole in the seat that collects the baby’s waste. The babies in these rooms are left there, with no nourishment or care, to die. In the cases where the babies are abandoned and someone finds them rather quickly, they are taken to an orphanage to be cared for or are sent to a foster family. The lucky children are adopted internationally. Others can spend their whole lives in the orphanage. In China there are around 1,000 orphanages. Only 250 of those will send children out of the country to be adopted. Officially registered adoptions increased from 2,000 in 1992 to 55,000 in 2001. Many more were adopted informally without registration. In 2005, around 7,900 children were adopted into the United States. In reality, only about 5% of children in Chinese orphanages are adopted at all. Many babies put up for adoption have not been abandoned by their parents but confiscated by family planning officials. The one-child policy has also had a negative effect on the children legally born to couples. Parents tend to over indulge these children. This epidemic has created the name â€Å"little emperors† for these children and the condition created is being called â€Å"little emperor syndrome†. These children are spoiled. Because there was once a great famine in China, the parents want to give these children what they were deprived of. They want to ensure that they have plenty to eat and overindulge them. The children have become fat. There is now an initiative in China to stop obesity in children. There are clinics where parents and children are educated about healthy eating and exercise. Some children are even receiving acupuncture to curb their appetites. The fact that children are becoming overweight is not the only problem with the â€Å"little emperors†. They also suffer from poor social communication, poor cooperation skills and lack of self-discipline. They often struggle with strong personality disorders. In March 2007, the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) called on the Chinese government to abolish the one-child rule. Ye Tingfang, a sponsor of the proposal, argues that â€Å"It is not healthy for children to play only with their parents and be spoiled by them. The one-child limit is too extreme. Children in our country may not even be blessed to have cousins which is a serious handicap to their nature and may lead to personality flaws. It violates nature’s law and in the long run, this will lead to Mother Nature’s revenge. Because of the one-child policy, families who desperately want to have a second child often take on a foster child. This can temporarily fill a void of desire for more children. These families become very attached to the babies that they care for and love them just as if they were their own. When these babies are adopted, the foster parents are devastated and become deeply depressed and are forced to cope with the los s. This emotional strain is equally felt by the birth parents, who were forced to either abandon the baby or surrender it by force, as well as the foster parents who have cared for the infant. The one-child policy has affected the population significantly. In some areas, there has been a negative population growth. This means that the deaths of a region have outweighed the births. Also, the Chinese population is aging. This is when the median age of a country or region rises. The elders are now becoming greater than the younger generation. This will surely pose a tough strain on the younger generation to care for their older family members with no help from siblings. Another potential problem will arise as the preferred boys reach the age to marry and procreate. There will be a major shortage of women to fulfill the need. In recent studies, the ratio of men to women is 117:100. It is estimated that in the year 2020, there will be 40 million more men than women. This will have extreme consequences. These consequences include social instability, courtship motivated emigration, and forced marriages. Another tragic consequence is prostitution which can also lead to a rise in human immunodeficiency virus infection and other sexually transmitted diseases. Already there has been a problem with abduction of women. Women are being kidnapped and sold to men in other provinces. They are being raped and treated badly. If they try to scape, they are beaten severely. This are all consequences of the gender imbalance created as a result of China’s one-child policy. There have been a few exceptions made to the policy over the years. In rural areas, parents can apply to have a second child if the first is a girl. Other circumstances that would allow consideration for a second child would be if the first child s uffers from a physical disability, mental illness or mental retardation. When this special permission is granted, the parents are subject to birth spacing. This means that the parents must wait a specific amount of time before having the second child. This time period is generally from three to five years. Exceptions have also been made if both parents are only children. This would relieve the burden of the â€Å"4-2-1 problem† on just one child. Special considerations have also been made when the father is a disabled serviceman who will not be able to care for his own aging parents. Official permission is sometimes granted in cases such as the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, where children perished and in other cases where the child is deceased. Finally, there are exceptions made in affirmative action cases such as with Han Chinese who are considered to be minorities. Although the one child policy seems like an extremely harsh and controversial method of controlling the population, it isn’t as harsh as it may seem at first. It depends on which area of the country you live in as to how much it affects you. In some areas which have a low population, the policy is somewhat lenient, whereas in Sichuan, the policy is strictly adhered to in both rural and urban areas because it is overpopulated. As nearly 50% of China’s population live in the countryside, many are permitted to have two children because for the majority of places, the policy is more strictly enforced in urban areas. Typically, the power of enforcement is given at the provincial level. In March of 2011, the policy was reviewed by the Chinese government. Some officials expressed the need for consideration to allow couples to have a second child. The government announced that the policy will remain unchanged through at least 2015. China’s one-child policy has had many benefits. It has greatly reduced the severity of some major problems that come with overpopulation such as epidemics and slums. It has also helped out the issues with overwhelmed social services such as healthcare, education and law enforcement. The policy has helped reduce China’s ecological footprint by decreasing the abuse of fertile land and reduced the production of high volumes of waste. It has, in recent years, provided better health service for women. There has been a reduction in the risks of death and injury in pregnancy and women receive free contraception and prenatal classes. China in recent years, for the most part, has maintained a steady labor rate with reduced unemployment. With families having to spend less money on multiple children, they have more to invest for retirement. Finally, with fewer children, women can invest more time in their careers, increasing their personal income. With all of the benefits that have come from the policy, sometimes all the money and material possessions in the world cannot compare to the love of a child and the freedom to choose how large your family can be. In conclusion, China’s one-child policy was a drastic measure taken over thirty years ago to control a growing population problem. While it has succeeded in lowering the population and improving the economic situation, the long-term emotional and physical effects felt by families will continue to be unbearable for generations. Losing a child due to natural causes is hard enough but being forced into abortion, sterilization and abandonment has to be so much worse. BIBLIOGRAPHY Fitzpatrick, Laura. â€Å"China’s One-Child Policy,† Time, posted July 27, 2009, http://www. time. com/time/world/article (accessed April 9, 2011). Buckley Ebrey, Patricia. Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook. 2nd ed. (New York: The Free Press, 1993), 478-481. Hesketh, Therese, Ph. D. â€Å"The Effect of China’s One-Child Policy after 25 Years,† The New England Journal of Medicine 353, no. 11 (2005): 1171-1176. Lost Girls. DVD, directed by David Royle (2005; Washington, DC: National Geographic, 2005). Phillips, Michelle. â€Å"Women forced to abort under China’s one-child policy,† The Washington Times, posted June 2, 2010, http://www. washingtontimes. com/news/2010/jun/2 (accessed April 9, 2011). Mosher, Steven W. â€Å"A Mother’s Ordeal: One Woman’s Fight Against China’s One Child Policy,† (MN: Park Press, Inc. , 1993), 56-60. Hays, Jeffrey. â€Å"One-Child Policy in China,† http://factsanddetails. com/china. php (accessed April 9, 2011). Scott, Joan. â€Å"Child Adoption in Contemporary Rural China,† Journal of Family Issues, March 27, 2006: 301-340. Consultative Conference: â€Å"The government must end the one-child rule,† AsiaNewsit. com, March 16, 2007 (accessed April 9, 2011). Sina English, â€Å"Advisors say it’s time to change one-child policy,† Shanghai Daily, March 15, 2007. http://english. sina. com/china/1/2007/0315/ (accessed April 9, 2011). ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Laura Fitzpatrick, â€Å"China’s One-Child Policy,† Time, posted July 27, 2009, http://www. time. com/time/world/article (accessed April 9, 2011). [ 2 ]. Patricia Buckley Ebrey, Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook. 2nd ed. (New York: The Free Press, 1993), 478-481. 3 ]. Therese Hesketh, Ph. D, â€Å"The Effect of China’s One-Child Policy after 25 Years,† The New England Journal of Medicine 353, no. 11 (2005): 1171-1176. [ 4 ]. Steven W. Mosher, â€Å"A Mother’s Ordeal: One Woman’s Fight Agains t China’s One Child Policy,† (MN: Park Press, Inc. , 1993), 56-60. [ 5 ]. Lost Girls. DVD, directed by David Royle (2005; Washington, DC: National Geographic, 2005). [ 6 ]. Michelle Phillips, â€Å"Women forced to abort under China’s one-child policy,† The Washington Times, posted June 2, 2010, http://www. washingtontimes. com/news/2010/jun/2 (accessed April 9, 2011). 7 ]. Jeffrey Hays, â€Å"One-Child Policy in China,† http://factsanddetails. com/china. php (accessed April 9, 2011). [ 8 ]. Patricia Buckley Ebrey, Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook. 2nd ed. (New York: The Free Press, 1993), 478-481. [ 9 ]. Lost Girls. DVD, directed by David Royle (2005; Washington, DC: National Geographic, 2005). [ 10 ]. Joan Scott, â€Å"Child Adoption in Contemporary Rural China,† Journal of Family Issues, March 27, 2006: 301-340. [ 11 ]. Consultative Conference: â€Å"The government must end the one-child rule,† AsiaNewsit. com, March 16, 2007 (acce ssed April 9, 2011). [ 12 ]. Sina English, â€Å"Advisors say it’s time to change one-child policy,† Shanghai Daily, March 15, 2007. http://english. sina. com/china/1/2007/0315/ (accessed April 9, 2011). [ 13 ]. Lost Girls. DVD, directed by David Royle (2005; Washington, DC: National Geographic, 2005). [ 14 ]. Therese Hesketh, Ph. D, â€Å"The Effect of China’s One-Child Policy after 25 Years,† The New England Journal of Medicine 353, no. 11 (2005): 1171-1176. [ 15 ]. Lost Girls. DVD, directed by David Royle (2005; Washington, DC: National Geographic, 2005). [ 16 ]. Patricia Buckley Ebrey, Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook. 2nd ed. (New York: The Free Press, 1993), 478-481. How to cite Consequences of China’s One Child Policy, Papers

Marketing Plan of Ronald McDonald House Charities - Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Plan of Ronald McDonald House Charities. Answer: Introduction The aim of this report is to create a marketing plan for the non-profit organisation Ronald McDonald House Charities operating in Australia. This organisation has presence in my countries. It works for wellbeing of the children and for other social welfare (rmhc.org, 2016). This organisation wants to expand its area of activities in the underserved area of Australia. Marketing plan may help the organisation to create awareness among the target audience. Hence, the report presents an outline of the marketing plan that would be effective for Ronald McDonald House Charities. The marketing plan involves analysis of marketing channels, marketing tools and budget outline. Introduction of Nature of Service and Need for Marketing Ronald McDonald House Charities is a non-profit organisation, which provides support and service in order to improve health and wellbeing of children. This organisation provides a place to stay the families with hospitalised children. Marketing plan is required for this institution to create awareness among people to avail services (Terpstra, Foley Sarathy, 2012). The organisation can make collaboration with key partners to facilitate the services. Along with these, marketing plan helps to segment market for different types of customers. Market segmentation is required to improve service quality (Lefebvre, 2013). Marketing Plan Analysis of Macroeconomic Environment Ronald McDonald House Charities operates as a non-profit organisation in the field of health care, charity and social welfare. Government funds and grants are the main source of income of this organisation. This organisation provides welfare services to the people. In order to extend the area of service at the time of natural disaster, the organisation wants to organise a campaign. Demand for services of NGOs is increasing worldwide due to their diversified activities (Watkins, Swidler Hannan, 2012). Macro economic variables such demand for services, government tax regulations, revenue from investment, and availability of donors affect the activities of the organisation. Marketing Goal and Target Audience Marketing goal of this organisation is to reach service to the underserved area of Australia. Natural disaster affects the family and especially children. The vision of Ronald McDonald House Charities is to provide service to the low-income family who cannot avail proper health care services in the large health care institutions (Rogers Davidson, 2015). Target audiences of this organisation are consumers, donors and potential volunteers. It is required to reach information about programmes and services to the target consumers as without social awareness programme cannot be successful. Marketing is required to aware the consumers about the process of engaging with the organisation (Ayub et al., 2013). Marketing plan needs to reach the potential donors to make them aware about organisational goal, special events and fund raising programmes. Organising events requires volunteers, who help to organise the events on behalf of Ronald McDonald House Charities. Identification of Channels of Marketing Effective marketing channel for the organisation would be organisational website and social media. In the present marketing environment, easy way to reach people is through digital media (Powers, 2014). Social media such as Face book, blogs, Twitter are effective media to reach most of the people. Ronald McDonald House Charities can use the method of paid advertising through print or online banner ads. Google Ad Words can be a medium (Osterwalder et al., 2014). This organisation can communicate with the stakeholders and prospective customers through newsletter, e-newsletter and direct mail. This charity organisation can organisation a special event in a target location in order to create awareness about their upcoming services (Kowalkowski et al., 2012). Brochures can be used as marketing channels. Marketing Tools Google Ad Grants: This tool facilitates online advertisement for marketing. This tool displays the massage of the organisation while searching. Google provides US$10,000 to the organisation in Ad Words per month if the organisation meets the Googles Grantspro criteria (Lusch Vargo, 2014). Google Apps: Google Apps provide this app to the NGOs to use these at free of cost in order to meet the requirements. An extensive technical support in the form of Gmail, Google drive with 30 GB storage in the cloud and Google calendars is very helpful to execute marketing plan for the organisation (Berthon et al., 2012). Ronald McDonald House Charities has various learned skill activities, which helps the young aspirants to educate community and increase the chances of employment. Content marketing: The scope of content marketing for NGOs is growing presently. Though uploading a video, which contains massage for society is helpful marketing tool for Ronald McDonald House Charities. YouTube Non Profit Program is useful media to provide this facility. Many facilities can be got through this program such as free technical support along with the presentation of customisable profile with the logo and brand of the organisation on the YouTube (Armstrong et al., 2012). Process of Delivering Customer Value to the Target Market Customer Value Chain Analysis Customer Value chain analysis is required in marketing plan to identify potential stakeholders (Kim et al., 2012). The statement of customer value proposition presents the benefits that the consumers are likely to get from the service of Ronald McDonald House Charities. The organisation tries to provide a homely environment to the sick children admitted in hospitals. Figure 1: Customer value proposition (Source: Kim et al., 2012) The value proposition of Ronald McDonald House Charities includes above-mentioned dimensions. The functional value is that the service offered by the organisation is easy to use. Hospital environment is painful for the children. Therefore, this organisation wants to provide a comfortable environment to the children so that they can get medical facilities easily. If the service of this organisation can satisfy a customer, this customer may become loyal to the organisation (Osterwalder et al., 2014). Customer loyalty helps to inform more consumers, who need this kind of service in the remote area. The customers, who came to the city for availing hospital service to cure their children, may need this kind of services provided by Ronald McDonald House Charities. Spread of information is helpful in marketing. Information from the mouth of a customer is more valuable in marketing compared to any other marketing tools (Kowalkowski et al., 2012). The service offered by Ronald McDonald House Charities has financial implications. It provides financial advantage to the people having need of services. The activity of this organisation has social value. In order to create customer value proposition, emphasizing some strategies are required. Firstly, emphasis needs to be given on the benefits availed by the customers. Secondly, emphasis needs to be given to the unique difference of the service compared to the competitors (Armstrong et al., 2012). Preparation of Budget Timeline and Resources The budget time includes the allocated resource and required money to finance the expenditure. Budget time includes both cash inflow and outflow. Activities of expenditure Costs Online advertisement $15000 Recruitment of volunteers $10000 Investment in training $4000 Investment in brochures, logo and mailing $2000 Campaign $2500 Total cost = $33500 Table 1: Expenditure on marketing (Source: created by author) Fund raising values Government grant $25000 Donation of other institutions $10000 Total fund flow $35000 Table 2: Cash inflow (Sources: created by author) Both the table shows fund inflow and fund outflow in marketing. Recommendation The marketing strategy for the charity organisation needs to be simple but attractive. It requires to state value proposition in a simplistic manner. There is significant number of not-for-profit organisations in Australia. Expansion of operation in this industry requires increase in activities. Effectiveness of marketing Plan depends upon skilled workers. The company needs to have a professional marketing planner and marketing manager. The marketing team needs to be technically efficient to implement the marketing plan. Technical skill is required to execute the online or App based marketing plan. Collaboration with more organisations both at national and international level would increase the scope of marketing. Conclusion The report presents a brief marketing plan for Ronald McDonald House Charities. This non-profit organisation has Nobel activity in different country in the field of health care and other social welfare. This organisation wants to reach services to the underprivileged family. This organisation provides room and other homely services to the family, who goes hospital for the treatment of their children. This service reduces the stress of the child and the family by providing a comfortable environment. Expansion of service area requires a marketing plan so that the organisation can reach most of the people in the territory. The report includes a plan to identify target audience, volunteers and the fundraisers. Marketing helps to strengthen the engage of the stakeholders more with the organisation. A budget has been provided to get an idea about the cash inflow and outflow in and out of the organisation. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2012).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Prentice-Hall, London. Ayub, A., Adeel, R., Muhammad, S. A., Hanan, I. (2013). A conceptual framework on evaluating SWOT analysis as the mediator in strategic marketing planning through marketing intelligence.European Journal of Business and Social Sciences,2(1), 91-98. Berthon, P. R., Pitt, L. F., Plangger, K., Shapiro, D. (2012). Marketing meets Web 2.0, social media, and creative consumers: Implications for international marketing strategy.Business horizons,55(3), 261-271. Kim, K. H., Jeon, B. J., Jung, H. S., Lu, W., Jones, J. (2012). Effective employment brand equity through sustainable competitive advantage, marketing strategy, and corporate image.Journal of Business Research,65(11), 1612-1617. Kowalkowski, C., Persson Ridell, O., Rndell, J. G., Srhammar, D. (2012). The co-creative practice of forming a value proposition.Journal of marketing management,28(13-14), 1553-1570. Lefebvre, R. C. (2013).Social marketing and social change: Strategies and tools for improving health, well-being, and the environment. John Wiley Sons. Lusch, R. F., Vargo, S. L. (2014).The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions. Routledge. Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y., Bernarda, G., Smith, A. (2014).Value proposition design: how to create products and services customers want. John Wiley Sons. Powers, M. (2014). The structural organization of NGO publicity work: Explaining divergent publicity strategies at humanitarian and human rights organizations.International Journal of Communication,8, 18. rmhc.org (2016) About US., Retrieved 26 September 2016, from https://www.rmhc.org/ Rogers, T., Davidson, R. (2015).Marketing destinations and venues for conferences, conventions and business events(Vol. 14). Routledge. Terpstra, V., Foley, J., Sarathy, R. (2012).International marketing. Naper Press. Watkins, S. C., Swidler, A., Hannan, T. (2012). Outsourcing social transformation: development NGOs as organizations.Sociology,38.

Essay 2 RD Essays (189 words) - Drug Control Law, Drug Policy

Matthew Screws English 1101 Anderson 2/25/19 Drug Decriminalization "There is no war on drugs, because you cannot war on inanimate objects. There is only a war on drug addicts. Which means we are warring on the most abused and vulnerable segments of society," said Dr. Gabor Mate . In 2017 the FBI's uniform crime report showed law enforcement made 1.6 millon arrests for drug violations in which more than eighty five percent w ere for simple possession. That means every twenty seconds someone is being arrested for a drug law violation. Instead of helping these people they will be dragged through the legal system and it will have a profound impact on their life and the people around them. Crime and drugs compliment each other quite well but only because drug use is criminalized by the government. With most arrests made for drugs being non-violent is it really doing any good to throw these unaggressive people in jail? The decriminalization of drugs can support lower addiction rates, encourage people to remain in society, and put an en d to mass incarceration and institutional racism.

Introductions for ESL - Advanced Level Classes

Introductions for ESL - Advanced Level Classes The beginning of a new class is a good time for a global review of the tenses and forms that you will be studying during the coming course. The idea of this exercise is not to intimidate the students, nor to have them learn everything in one go. Most students will have already studied most of these forms and the following year serves to improve and build upon the set of English skills that they have already acquired. The following conversation exercises serve the double purpose of introducing students to each other and getting them to converse from the get-go, as well as reviewing the number of more advanced structures that they will be working on during your course. This spoken exercise can also work well as a means of review. For lower-intermediate or false beginners. Aim: Introduce students to each other while introducing/reviewing a wide range of tenses Activity: Interviewing activity in pair work Level: Advanced Outline Ask students to break up into groups of three or four and write down the names of all the tenses they can remember including an example for each tense. You may want to help them as this exercise is just a way of introducing structures that they will be working on during your course.Talk quickly about the structures that are mentioned. You may also want to write the names of the tenses on the board so that students can refresh their memories.Ask students to get up and find a partner.Have the students take short one or two-word notes on the questions from the first worksheet. Students dont need to write full answer notes but should focus on replying in full sentences to the questions asked by their partners.Once students have completed the task, ask them to quietly read through the notes they have taken about their partner.Have students get up again and find another partner. Distribute the second worksheet and have them answer questions about their partners. Once again, students dont n eed to write full answer notes but should focus on replying in full sentences to the questions asked by their partners. Make sure to point out that this exercise is intended to remind them of what sort of elements go into using English (i.e. tenses in this case) and that you will be taking your time going through all the points so quickly covered in this lesson.After you have finished the exercise, have a class discussion about the differences between the first person I and a third person he, she (i.e. s on the third person singular, etc.) Getting to Know Your Classmates Questions For Your Partner What were you doing this time last year?What will you be doing this time next year?What do you hope you will have improved by the time you finish this course?What do you think will happen during this course?What do you do?How long have you been working/studying at your present job/course?Remember the last time you were interrupted at work/study. What had you been doing before you were interrupted?What would you change about your job/school if you were in charge?When did you choose your job/school? Is there any one thing that had happened to make you choose your line of work/field of study?What would you have done if you hadnt chosen your current profession/field of study?What are you currently working on/studying?How long have you been doing your favorite hobby?What did you use to do that you now miss?What must have been the reason for your stopping what you used to do? Questions About Your Partners Partner What was he/she doing this time last year?What will he/she be doing this time next year?What does he/she hope he/she will have improved by the time he/she finishes this course?What does he/she think will happen during this course?What does he/she do?How long has he/she been working/studying at his/her present job/course?Remember the last time he/she was interrupted at work/study. What had he/she been doing before he/she was interrupted?What would he/she change about his/her job/school if he/she were in charge?When did he/she choose his/her job/school? Is there any one thing that had happened to make he/she choose his/her line of work/field of study?What would he/she have done if he/she hadnt chosen his/her current profession/field of study?What is he/she currently working on/studying?How long has he/she been doing his/her favorite hobby?What did he/she use to do that he/she now misses?What must have been the reason for his/her stopping what he/she used to do?

Kundalini energy and Chi energy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Kundalini energy and Chi energy - Research Paper Example e major elements of the mysterious elaboration of subtle body, which comprises of the chakras (psychic centers), nadis (energy channels), bindu (drops of essence), and prana (subtle energy)1. Kundalini is a Hindu term which refers to the mystical force or power which form the basis of their spirituality. The serpent power generally signifies the Kundalini in the Hinduism. The awakening or arousing of Kundalini from the "slumber" takes place at the bottom of an individuals spine through the practices of intense breath control or uninterrupted, focused meditation. Tantra Yoga and Hatha Yoga are the primitive forms of the yoga that are developed and designed to awaken the Kundalini so that the person can utilize the huge amount of energy, which is ultimately released, in order to enhance the potential and strength of the spiritual practices and meditation. The Yoga practitioner is made cautious through the relevant literature that the person is required to be subject to the extensive preparations prior to begin arousing the Kundalini. Otherwise the entire process can be troublesome and very tough. The yogini or yogi, the person who has successfully and safely arouses their Kundalini, obtains a good friends towards their spiritual journey. This friend is the tremendous amount of energy and the significant vitality, which makes the path smoother that, in turn, makes the sharp slopes easier to climb. This ally, the energy, functions as a sword which cuts through the conditioning and inertia. Precisely, Kundalini is able to alter the personality and thinking process of an individual in a drastic manner, and advances the spiritual aspirations. It is through numerous esoteric practices such as meditation, Yoga, Sahaja Yoga, Kundalini Yoga, and Kriya Yoga, that the Kundalini is awakened. Through such exercise, it is able to wake up and rise from the muladhara chakra through sushumna, the central nadi, alongside or inside the spine and goes up towards the top of head. The

Final paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Final paper - Essay Example It is time the government legalized the sale of organs. Legalization of organ sales will lower vital organs-related deaths boosting the supply of such organs, eliminating illicit organ markets, allowing access to cheaper organ transplant, and compensate donors. The demand for organs is overwhelming, and yet the supply is far too low. Right now, over 85,000 people in U.S. alone are on the list of those waiting for organs (Calandrillo 72). Out of these, a majority (about 60,000) requires a kidney, 17,000 are in desperate need of a liver, 4,000 are hoping for a lung, while 3,500 are desperate for a heart. The organs are the most important for the survival of any human being. Any defect in them can shorten a person’s life within a short period. The patients on the waitlist thus urgently need them as they are living on borrowed time. However, the supply of these organs is shockingly far much less. Calandrillo says that the year 2003 saw organs harvest from only 13,000 individuals to facilitate the mere 25,000 transplants in the U.S. (72). It means that the many patients who were not successful to get a required organ sadly died. Ironically, the painful shortage is because a majority of the organs go to the grave when the owners die. A lack of donation-appropriate organs is not a primary cause. A bumper sticker once read, â€Å"Please do not take your organs with you to heaven. Heaven understands that we are desperate for them here on the earth† (The Economist). Each year witnesses many Americans die in ways that would make it possible for an organ harvest. For example, some die in road accidents, others due to heart attacks and strokes but organs come from only a few of the possible donors. In fact, about 75% of the Americans are not ready to donate organ upon their death. Hence, the remaining percentage that have opted to offer an organ cannot sufficiently meet the national needs. The situation

Leininger's nursing theory research article summaries Paper - 1

Leininger's nursing theory article summaries - Research Paper Example This article is a summary of the culture care theory and a discussion of the features evident in the theory. The article is divided into four parts, with the first part introducing the transcultural nursing theory and its historical development since its introduction by Leininger. The second part of the article provides the major features of the theory; including the fact the theory is one of the oldest and most applicable in the nursing field. This is followed by a description of the philosophical rots of the theory and the introduction of the nursing experience influenced by the theory. The purpose and goal the theory is then expounded by the author, including the use of research findings to develop an understanding of the care given to patients across cross-cultural dimensions. An analysis of the research article indicates that the development of the transcultural nursing theory is important in the provision of quality health care to patients. The article is relevant to nursing practice since it discusses a new aspect of the transcultural nursing theory, and provides a useful insight into the field of nursing in relation to the theory. The transcultural nursing theory has been identified as one of the leading theories in the provision of quality health care by focusing on worldwide cultures and nursing practices. An analysis of the article by Leininger presenting the view of transcultural nursing specialists and the effects of transcultural nursing reveals the advantage of the theory. This article proposes the use of the transcultural theory in nursing practice to achieve full patient health regardless of cultural barriers. The article shows how to prepare a transcultural nurse specialist in practice and application of the original theory. The article being summarized presents the main characteristics of the transcultural nurse in relation to the dynamic field of nursing in the evolving world. The article goes on to propose that

Oil and gas of kazakhstan

Oil and gas of kazakhstan The size of oil and gas reserves of the Republic of Kazakhstan alone make national oil company of the country called KazMunaiGaz (KMG), an outstanding addition to any study of national oil companies. The countrys proven oil reserves are estimated between 9 billion and 17.6 billion barrels, including both land and offshore fields, as a potential producer of considerable influence. (â€Å"An Energy Overview of the Republic of Kazakhstan,† US Department of Energy, available from: http://www.fe.doe.gov/international/Russia_and_Central_Asia/kazkover.html#Oil ). When major new projects in Kazakhstan reached full production (probably by 2015), is expected to produce at least 3 million barrels of oil per day, which would make the country larger producer of oil compare to Norway, and it would be just behind Mexico and Iran. Even today Kazakhstan is in the list of one of the leading countries by producing 1.29 million barrels per day (Energy Information Administration. â€Å"Kazakhstan .† Country Analysis Briefs, 2006. Available online at http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Kazakhstan/Oil.html. ). And almost anyone interested in investing in Kazakhstan is forced to work, in one form or another, with National Oil Company KazMunaiGaz (NC KMG). NC KMG is also worthy of attention of those interested in the changing structure of the international petroleum industry. The company is largely a work in progress, one of the worlds youngest national oil companies, which could become a kind of model for other leading and evolving national oil and the gas companies, especially those of the former U.S.S.R., where is an important part of the worlds untapped oil and gas reserves are discovered. KMG has some common similarity with other National Oil Companies (NOC) created in post-Soviet states such as Russia, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. However, the government of Kazakhstan has defined a much more aggressive development mission for NC KMG than Azerbaijans Government of SOCAR has for it. Unlike Russia, where there are two NOCs Rosneft and Gazprom, with competing interests, Kazakhstan has chosen to strengthen its holdings into one company. Yet, NC KMG has similarity with both Gazprom and Rosneft. The degree of vertical integration of Kazakhs KMG is similar to that of Gazprom. Rosneft for the time being lacking the same transportation and refining capacity of KMG or Gazprom, the actions of another equally important similarity with the Kazakh business: both are trying to introduce western management styles in order to create internationally investing confidence. Unlike Rosneft, whose main asset of oil producing is Yuganskneftegaz, which was bought at auction after the seizure of Yukos, ( Peter Fin, â€Å"Russian Oil Firm Buys Mysterious Bid Winner,† Washington Post, December, 23 2004, A01) practically all of NC KMG assets were obtained in a fairly straight forward way. They were either acquired through purchase or by the transfer of a state held license to the company. NC KMG is more likely to become a copy for other post-Soviet NOC than any another company, largely because of its development strategy is both more straight forward looking and better formulated than their counterparts. The declared intention of both Government of Kazakhstan and of KMG is that the company would become a large part of the public Corporation held, with the government ensuring the protection of its interests through the voting of its shares by a larger holding company as a Samruk which means â€Å" Golden Phoenix† if translates from Kazakh to English, which created in 2006. At the moment the relationship between KMG and the government of the Republic is getting quite close, which particularly mean the relationship between the family of President of Kazakhstan , Nursultan Nazarbayev, and the countrys oil industry. Those in key positions throughout the oil industry and government, including the different ministries and executive level positions directly associated with the oil industry, understand the challenge that the reform of the the industry presents. They realize that KMG should be transformed into an independent and transparent company in the remaining years of President Nazarbayev ‘s mandate, which ends in 2013-a company that no longer serves as an indirect instrument foreign policy or as a source of internal corruption. This report will explain that what is KMGs planning strategy, business plans and etc and how they are going to respond to the challenges which occurs in the company. Kazakhstan still confronts the task of creating constant investor confidence. The governments treatment of the international oil companies (IOCs) will partly put pressure to this confidence level. Success will also depend on the evolution of the NC KMG itself, thats mean the company should introduce a total transparency in all its upstream and downstream partner activities and whether it helps foster an atmosphere of competition in the service sectors that are associated with their main operations. The company will have to decide whether to remain a production company, or simply be a stakeholder in every major countrys mining projects, and the main transit partner and a key player in the downstream market of Kazakhstan. Whatever decision the company makes, it is may still have to reduce at least some of its assets, and try to be more focused on the acquisition of assets. Without this it would be difficult to maximize the value of the assets for NC KMG. They should turn the company to be more reliable partner for investors within the country. This requires the realization the process of political reform in Kazakhstan to provide a better expression of rights of investors and better legal protection to respond to situations in which investors believe their rights have been violated. Achieving these objectives will strengthen NC KMGs position in the international oil industry and will help to set competitive advantage over other similar oil companies. ( Available at Baker institute: http://www.bakerinstitute.org/search?SearchableText=noc_kaz_Olcott.pdf ) The Importance Of Planning And Its Process. When planning is done well, it creates a solid platform for the management of other functions which is the organizing the allocating and organizing of resources to perform the tasks; leading-guiding the efforts of human resources to ensure a high level of performance tasks; and control surveillance on the achievements and taking necessary corrective action. The centrality of management planning is important to understand. In todays demanding organization and persuading career environment is essential to stay one step ahead of the competition. This means always striving to be better at what you are doing and be action oriented. The planning Process. In the planning process, objectives identify the specific results or desired outcomes that one intends to achieve. The plan is a statement of action steps to be taken in order to accomplish the objectives. Five steps in the planning process are: 1. Define your objectives: Identify desired outcomes or results in very specific ways. Know where you want to go; be specific enough that you will know you have arrived when you get there, or know how far off the mark you are at various points along the way. 2. Determine where you stand vis-a-vis objectives: Evaluate current accomplishments relative to the desired results. Know where you stand in reaching objectives; know what strengths work in your favour and what weaknesses may hold you back. 3. Develop premises regarding future conditions: Anticipate future events; Generates alternative â€Å"scenarios† for what may happen; identify for each scenario things that may help or hinder progress toward your objectives. 4. Analyze and choose among action alternatives: List and carefully evaluate possible actions. Choose the alternative(s) most likely to accomplish your objectives; describe step-by-step what must be done to follow the chosen course of action. 5. Implement the plan and evaluate results: Take action and carefully measure your progress towards objectives. Do what the plan requires, evaluate results, take corrective action, and revise plans as needed. KazMunaiGazs Origins, Assets And Reserves One thing is certain, the active use of fossil fuels in the country is key to any development strategy. President of the country has taken two use of oil and gas to boost the economy development in two ways, both through the development of a National Fund, which is investing states revenues from oil and gas and other key resources, into a fund that is loosely modeled on national oil fund in Norway. This fund, established in 2001, is currently estimated at 14.1 billion U.S. dollars, and designed to provide long term support for the budget of the Republic of Kazakhstan and compensate irregular income caused by fluctuations in the world oil and gas market The other half of the equation is the conception of a strong national oil and gas company. It is to have a dominant position in the hydrocarbon sector in the country. Because of this, finally , the Joint-Stock Company KazMunaiGaz National Company was founded under Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 811 from February 20, 2002. The opening of the industry of Kazakhstan after independence in 1991 brought many foreign investors who helped buy the industry. These investors signed Production Service Associations (PSA) with NC KMGs predecessor Kazakhoil, but the companies which produces things EMG (EmbaMunaigaz) and UMG (UzenMunaigaz), the main assets of KazMunaiGaz Exploration and Production (KMG E and P), weret transferred to Kazakhoil until 1997. On 16th March, 2004 the company was renamed Joint Stock Company KazMunai Gaz National Company. The company was founded with the goal of comprehensive development oil industry of the Republic to ensure a rational and efficient operation hydrocarbons, which in turn would contribute to social and economic development of Kazakhstan and its successful integration into the world of economy and oil industry. (KazMunaigaz (KMG), â€Å"Company History and Mission,† KazMunaiGaz website, http://www.kmg.kz/main.php?page=inc/postedmid=4showm=3type=men. ) One of the main plans of Government of creation of NC KMG was that creation would help to achieve a variety of strategic objectives including improved financial and economic aspects of the company, moreover , additional to its hydrocarbon reserves and increasing production. The intention was to do so through reducing of costs and increasing cash flow, by increasing the efficiency of capital investment, to increase reserves through the exploration of new blocks for exploration and expansion of existing ones, the maximize their shares in existing companies. They were also to enhance the economic revenues to the Country through large oil and gas projects in which they had a partners, and also through the development of transportation opportunities available to Kazakhstan, and by helping the development of petrochemical companies in Kazakhstan. They were also charged with increasing the number the proportion of domestically produced goods, works and services which is supporting the count rys largest oil and gas projects. Additionally to this they assisted to increase the number of Kazakhstani officials directly involved in these projects. JSC NC KazMunaiGaz is among three largest oil producers in Kazakhstan and has a minority in almost all major projects of oil and gas in the country which controls involvement in most projects initiated since 2000. The company employsover thirty-four thousand employees and reported revenue of $ 4.8 billion dollars in 2005 from its business activities. KMG has got control over twenty-five companies. ( KazMunaiGaz, â€Å"Structure of Assets,† KazMunaiGaz Website, http://www.kmg.kz/index.cfm?tid=22 ) Conclusion The future shape of KMG is obviously unclear, not only for oil analysts industry, but for those working in KMG and the government of Kazakhstan as well. The company still should decide whether to remain a holding company, and even if they do still want to keep the role of operating ones in some projects . They will still have to decide how quickly and how completely sell its stakes in Kazakhstans various oil and gas projects. For the foreseeable future I think it will be difficult to compete with potential foreign investors, because of companys poor technological base and luck of abilities in financial competitiveness of their operations. According to the financial liquidity of the company, there probably will be an argument about reducing their holdings in certain projects. This will provide funds for foreign investments and and downstream, which could provide KMG with long term access to energy assets for the time when domestic production in Kazakhstan begins to decline. The Kazakhstani people seem to believe that moving away from production and draft management will slow capacity building among the Kazakh population and slow the development of auxiliary industries related to fossil fuel development. But the creation National Fund of Kazakhstan is intended in part to support the development of sectors of the economy which is not depend on resource extraction.

The American Prohibition of Alcohol in the 1920s Essay -- American Hi

The American Prohibition of Alcohol in the 1920's The prohibition of alcohol in the United States lasted from 1920 until 1932. The movement began in the late nineteenth century, and was fueled by the formation of the Anti-Saloon League in 1893 (Why Prohibition?). This league and other anti-alcohol organizations, began to succeed in establishing local prohibition laws. By the 1920's prohibition was a national effort. The prohibition movement was aimed primarily at closing saloons. Saloons were the brewing companies place in retail business, selling alcohol by the glass. In the early twentieth century, there was one saloon for every one-hundred fifty or two-hundred Americans. This competitiveness forced saloon keepers to find other ways to make money. By the 1920's saloons had become houses of gambling and prostitution, not the innocent, friendly bar we associate the word with today (Why Prohibition?). The prohibition advocates found such establishments offensive, and sought to revoke their licenses. The National Prohibition Act was added to the United States Constitution on January 16th, 1920 (The Eighteenth Amendment). The Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution prohibits the illegal manufacturing or selling of alcohol. There were only two ways to legally obtain alcohol under the prohibition laws. Religious groups were granted the right to obtain alcohol for sacramental purposes, and doctors were permitted to write prescriptions (Medicinal Alcohol). People have believed in medicinal benefits of alcohol since ancient times, using it to cure snake bites and control disease. Even though the belief has begun to dwindle in the early twentieth century, alcohol was legally manufactured for medic... ...ter. â€Å"Prohibition.† http://www.detektivroman.de/forum/_disc3/0000004d.htm: May 2002. This site has good statistical information about Capone and other Chicago gangs during the 1920s. â€Å"Medicinal Alcohol.† http://prohibition.history.ohio‑state.edu/Medicinal_Alcohol.htm. This site gives a brief history (very brief) of the beliefs in medicinal alcohol. â€Å"The Eighteenth Amendment and the National Prohibition Act.† http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/Library/studies/wick/wick1.html This site gives a detailed analysis of the National Prohibition Act. â€Å"Speakeasy.† http://hotwired.lycos.com/cocktail/links/speakeasy.html: Lycos, 2002. This site gives a quick idea of what a speakeasy was. â€Å"Why Prohibition?† http://prohibition.history.ohio‑state.edu/whyprohibition.htm: November, 2002. This site gives a history of the prohibition movement.

Disadvantages of Credit Cards

Disadvantages of Credit Cards Mehmetcan Sevim 070090077 Faculty of Management Faruk Cetiner 070090005 Faculty of Management Ceylin Ulusel 020090306 Faculty of Architecture English 201 Esra Sancak December 28, 2011 Disadvantages of Credit Cards Thesis: It is argued that credit cards are beneficial for individuals however they bring many financial problems, trigger consuming and cause psychological conflicts in long-term period. I. Financial A. Penalty rate 1. Late payments 2. Exceeding credit limit B. Transaction fee 1.Interchange fee 2. Foreign transaction fee I. Consumption A. Trigger effects 1. Consumer culture 2. Compulsive buying B. Spending addiction 1. Overspending 2. Indebtedness III. Psychological A. Behavior 1. Compulsive buying behavior 2. Money attitudes B. Mental 1. Depression 2. Self Esteem Finance can be defined as an art which leads to maximize return against risk. Dramatically increase at industrialization required more specific management and revealed many department s of companies such as marketing, sales, human resources.Finance provides pecuniary resources to these departments and also are used for cash flow management. When finance became more important in business life, finance industry emerged. Finance industry provides services related with the management of money. Banking service is the most ongoingness sector in the finance industry. It provides personal, commercial and mortgage loans which is related with credit system. Credit card which works to loan money monthly to consumers, is the most important component of credit system. People can buy goods, services without cash thanks to credit cards.It can be seen that credit card usage is so popular in banking system and most of the credit card holders have more than one credit card. It is argued that credit cards are beneficial for individuals however they bring many financial problems, trigger consuming and cause psychological conflicts in long-term period. First of all, credit cards brin g difficulties for consumers related with financial problems. Credit cards can be so dangerous financial tool when it is used by unconscious costumers. Financial difficulties related with credit cards are also derived from lack of knowledge about credit card usage.The first significant financial problem for credit card users is penalty rate. Late payment is one of the reasons which gives rise to penalty rate. As Buttel explains, there is no difference between time periods when people paid their credit card payments late. Grace period changes between 20 and 31 days and even if card holders make their payments one day late, they are exposed penalty rates. Moreover, although payment is made before the new grace period, credit card holders could be charged penalty rates if they don’t pay their current bill(2003,para. 8-11).This is why it is important that credit card holders should be careful about making their card payments on time. Furthermore, exceeding credit limit is another reason of penalty rate. Buttel states, according to the Consumer Action, credit card holders are exposed to pay high payments and over limit fees with be dragging customer limit down under the current balance by some credit card issuers (2003, para. 14). Clearly, some credit card issuers fox about credit card limits. Apart from penalty rate, credit cards also result transaction fee. To begin with, credit card holders suffer from interchange fee.When customers choose to pay with credit card instead of cash, they usually exposed to pay higher prices related with interchange fee. Mitchell states, â€Å"Interchange fees not only enhance the profits of large banks at the expense of retailers, but ultimately these fees are paid by consumers in the form of higher prices† (2009, para. 11). Obviously, credit card usage makes retailers raise their prices. In addition, foreign transaction fee is a variable charge that card holders usually can not chase. In foreign countries, it is poss ible that credit card holders have to make more payments.As Gerson explains, foreign transaction fees are hided by some issuers and they are so hard to be followed even if the card holders ask them from the customer service or the corporate office. Also, if cardholders use a card like Bank of America-issued Visa abroad, they have to pay Visa fee in addition to Bank of America’s own fee. This clearly shows the risk of using credit cards in foreign countries (2008, para. 3-5). Consequently, credit card usage brings along many problems related to transaction fee. Second of all, credit cards also have many trigger effects on consumption.The first major problem is the impacts of changing consumer culture and how it reforms the psychology of the credit card users. As Sheth indicates that triggers of consumption attitudes are mostly provided by the independence that is connected to process of production and the increasing force of authorization, which are also parts of the consumer culture (2003,para. 3). This is a fundamental and a detailed explanation of the connection between trigger effects of consumption and cultural consequences. Furthermore, compulsive buying is another triggering impact of credit cards.According to Roberts, Jones, in the realm of consumer behavior, credit cards can certainly be construed as promoting spending by making the transaction simpler or by removing the immediate need for money (2001, p. 220). It is obvious that credit cards stimulates spending in consumer behavior by many ways. In this case, these two facts are truly supporting the idea that credit cards are triggering consumption attitudes. Spending addiction is another outcome of credit card based consumption. One of the results of this addiction comes to the scene as the overspending attitude.According to Roberts, Jones, increasing number of indebted people creates a psychology that consents overspending and excessive shopping as a normal behavior which is expected to be ch anged in time (2001, p. 214). This fact explains the general judgement of overspending behavior among indebted customers. Moreover, indebtedness is another significant impact of spending addiction. Griffin states that, instead of accepting indebtedness as a moral failure, mischance is a commonly approved excuse that obstructs making other approaches about the situation (2003, p. 4).This fact clarifies that misconceptions about indebtedness in consumer psychology can orient credit card users negatively and can give rise to unconscious consumption. Eventually, overspending and indebtedness can be counted as the major consequences of spending addiction which –as it explained before- is triggered by many factors. The last and most dangerous effects of credit card usage are considered as psychological effects. First of all, credit cards cause some differences on consumer’s behavior. Credit cards provide a financial confidence even if the user’s financial situation is not reliable.Consumers buy goods and services by money which they had not earn, that situation causes uncontrolled consuming desire. As Parecki states, ‘’Many researchers define compulsive buying behavior as a form of chronic addiction –that is an ‘endless cycle of trying to satisfy that which cannot be satisfied’. Instead of creating healthy interpersonal relationships with other people, compulsive buyers replace their love and trust in the acquisition of objects’’ (1999, p. 4). This definition clearly leads us to negative effects of compulsive buying behavior.In addition, credit card usage also causes price sensitivity of consumer which becomes unbalanced. As Fogel and Schneider cited in Roberts and Junes, irresponsible credit card usage is related with the money attitudes of power and prestige but not price sensitivity (2010, para. 10). Credit cards cause irresponsible behavior because of the money attitudes of power and prestige. A s a result, credit card usage changes consumer habits in a negative way. The second psychological effect of credit cards is causing mental disorders. Credit card usage and card debts mostly lead to depression.Card debts getting higher and higher by default interest, and consumer becomes hopeless about clearing that debt. As Stevenson cited in Andrews and Willing explains, when the negative experiences are researched according to their effects on anxiety and depression level, the financial strain has been shown as %21 among participants (2008, p. 5). Financial issues mostly trigger depression and anxiety. Because of the default interest, situation gets worse and worse. Beyond that, card debts and uncontrolled credit card usage leads consumer to lowering self-esteem.As Parecki cited in Cole explains, compulsive buyers see themselves worthless and try to find ways to self-destruct. The consequences may include unemployment, bankruptcy, social isolation and divorce (1999,p. 9-10). Lower ing self-esteem may trigger self-destruct. All of the above show us how uncontrolled credit card usage damages mental health. References Buttel, A. E. (2003, September 25). Credit card penalty rates:Mistakes that trigger default APRs, from http://www. creditcards. com/credit-card-news/credit-card-penalty-rates 1267. php Gerson, E. S. 2008, November 21). Top credit card issuers’ foreign transaction fees, from http://www. creditcards. com/credit-card-news/foreign-transaction- conversion-fees-1276. php Mitchell, S. (2009, May 5). Soaring Credit Card Transaction Fees Squeeze Independent Business, from http://www. newrules. org/retail/news/soaring-credit-card-transaction- fees-squeeze-independent-businesses Sheth, J. , & Maholtra N. (2003). Global Consumer Culture. Retrieved October 18, 2011 from http://www. uwyo. edu/sustaindevsupport/docs/Global%20Consumer%20Culture. df Roberts, J. , & Jones E. (Winter 2001). Money Attitudes, Credit Card Use, and Compulsive Buying among American College Students. The Journal of Consumer Affair, 35(2), 213-231. Griffin, B. (2003). Reviewed from â€Å"The Character of Credit. Personal Debt in English Culture†. Finn, M. Retrieved October 18, 2011 from https://www. history. ac. uk/reviews/review/435 Vohwinkle, J. (n. d. ). Examine the Roots of  Overspending. Retrieved October 11, 2011 from http://financialplan. about. com/od/savingmoney/qt/Overspending. htm

Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal Reflective Essay Addressing Swifts Satire Approach Concerning the Social Problem of Dublins Starving Children

Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal Reflective Essay Addressing Swifts Satire Approach Concerning the Social Problem of Dublins Starving Children Abstract Swift’s A Modest Proposal is a genius work in the art of literary satire. I picked certain issues and commented on them regarding how Swift made Irish beggars and their children a necessary evil that was deteriorating Ireland from the inside. Largely, this behemoth of a problem was causing an economic slump of mass proportion.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal: Reflective Essay Addressing Swift’s Satire Approach Concerning the Social Problem of Dublin’s Starving Children specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More I point out his brilliant use of population figures, social issues (domestic violence, poverty, hunger, etc.), and religious groups (other than his own). He addresses these issues by offering a ludicrous solution- cannibalism of the young infants when they reach their first birthday. Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal: Reflective Essay Addres sing Swift’s Satire Approach Concerning the Economic Problem of Dublin’s Starving Children Swift presents a brilliant tongue-in-cheek argument concerning a way to solve the plight of starving Irish children. He introduces his ludicrous proposal at the beginning of his essay, and then supports his subject by reinforcing his foundation with strong, supporting arguments. Each building block of his argument elicits sound thought for handling Ireland’s glaring social issues; namely, begging and starving children. Swift proposes to eat one-year-olds because of their economic burden. While purporting his idea, he uses economic strategies, population figures, cooking methods and avoiding commodity outsourcing to support his irony. Swift looks at a beggar’s child as the projected worth of a future commodity. He justifies his moral depravity and degrading of human life in lieu of population control, annihilation of abortion, domestic violence and food shortage. He refers to wives as â€Å"breeders† of these future delectable human dishes, and believes a one-year-old could give back to the commonwealth by offering its â€Å"carcass† as food for a starving country. He reasons that a beggar’s child should be able to live for the first year so that it could be fattened up on mother’s milk, which the â€Å"dam† naturally produces and therefore would cost the commonwealth nothing.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Swift surmises that his idea is humane because the future holds nothing for these children who mature and adopt livelihoods like â€Å"stealing,† going off to fight for the â€Å"Pretender in Spain,† or â€Å"selling themselves to the Barbados.† Instead of suggesting the obvious- limiting the number of children each female â€Å"breeder† should have- he encoura ges the â€Å"breeders† to get pregnant, enjoy motherhood and nursing of their suckling infants for one year, and then sell them to the marketplace as a prime cut of young, tender meat. This is a chilling mental image of the plight of a poor Irish infant. He continues to build upon this horrific image of an Irish infant dressed and prepared as the main serving for a lavish feast. He enjoys toying with the image of â€Å"a young healthy child well nursed† that could be â€Å"a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled,† and suggests serving it as â€Å"a fricassee or a ragout.† This is a disturbing image of a baby as the main dinner dish. He continues to take this macabre image further when he suggests â€Å"a child will make two dishes at an entertainment† function for friends, and if it is only to be one family dish, would â€Å"be very good boiled on the fourth day, especially in winter.† Thi s gruesome image has come full circle by suggesting the infant â€Å"carcass† could be extended to four days of leftovers. Ireland’s population has always been Catholic, and Swift sees Catholics as a major part of the starving human burden that is hurting Ireland. He ridicules the Catholic religious holyday, Lent. He reasons that since Catholics eat more fish during Lent, nine months later, a lot of infant Catholics are born. He does not criticize this, but reasons that because Catholics propagate more after Lent, the meat market will benefit from plump infants ready for the grocer. Swift connects Ireland’s economic problems directly to the Catholics and their lack of birth control- even in the face of being extremely poverty stricken.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal: Reflective Essay Addressing Swift’s Satire Approach Concerning the Social Problem of Dublin’s Starving Children spe cifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He revels in putting a price on a beggar child as the child matures. He uses the figure of 120,000 children as full reservoir, then reserves 20,000 as breeders, but not more than 5,000 of that number as males. He reasons that 5,000 males is a usual number for sheep, cattle and swine. Swift’s irony gives the reader a picture of a single cock that breeds with the entire hen house and the reader cannot help but be amused. One male should suffice four â€Å"breeders,† he surmises, but then catches himself in this digression, and reverts to his ridiculous projected numbers. Of the 100,000 infants that remain, Swift writes, these should be fattened up for the meat market. He almost forces the reader to think that it is a well thought-out plan that would benefit all- irony at its very best. Swift is not a feminist. He never refers to the father’s responsibility to his beggar children. Instead, he p uts the sole responsibility of caring for beggar children on the mother. This is a result of the makeup of Dublin’s street beggars- mothers and many small, unkempt children. It is false to believe that he is not a moralist. Obviously, poverty-stricken mothers and their children disturbed him, but is that because of their drain on an already weak Irish economy or because these deplorable human beings actually tugged at his heart strings and bothered him enough that he felt the urge to write about it? He calls his writing a â€Å"modest† proposal- another play on words. In no way is this modest suggestion, but rather an alarming, vivid picture of cannibalism meant to elicit action regarding this social problem. Reference Swift, J. (2011). A modest proposal in R. J. Diyanni (Ed.), Fifty great essays. (pp. 296-303). London: Longman.

Free Essays on Multiculturalilsm in the United States

The purpose of this paper is to enhance the reader’s knowledge of the true meaning of multiculturalism, and to provide a reason for multicultural education. Some think that multiculturalism is divisive rather than unifying. It emphasizes on our uniqueness and differences, rather than our similarities and commonalties, continuing keep the rift wide. Some worry that if schools are to pass on our collective â€Å"American culture,† who decides what that culture is (Miningco. 1)? Multiculturalism has some serious logical flaws and I am skeptical of ‘tolerance used as a policy’ when limits are set upon it. There is no freedom when others are oppressed (Miningco. 1)! Multiculturalism is, to some, racism in a politically- correct guise. It would turn this country into a collection of separatist groups competing with each other for power. Multiculturalism is a threat to education: instead of encouraging students to question their assumptions and the assumptions of their parents and society, multiculturalism demands that students accept blindly what they’re given. Many people have a very superficial view of racism (Gorski & Covert The Multicultural Pavilion 1). Racism is the notion that one’s race determines one’s identity. The spread of racism requires the destruction of an individual’s confidence in his own mind. The diversity movement claims that its goal is to extinguish racism and build tolerance of differences: this is a complete sham. Multicultural education is a transformative movement in education, which produces critically thinking, socially active members of society. It respects diversity while teaching all children to become effective and participating members of a democracy. It respects individuality while promoting respect for others. It emphasizes the contributions of the various groups (ethnic, gender, religious, sexual orientation, etc.) that make up the population of the world (Gorski & Covert ... Free Essays on Multiculturalilsm in the United States Free Essays on Multiculturalilsm in the United States The purpose of this paper is to enhance the reader’s knowledge of the true meaning of multiculturalism, and to provide a reason for multicultural education. Some think that multiculturalism is divisive rather than unifying. It emphasizes on our uniqueness and differences, rather than our similarities and commonalties, continuing keep the rift wide. Some worry that if schools are to pass on our collective â€Å"American culture,† who decides what that culture is (Miningco. 1)? Multiculturalism has some serious logical flaws and I am skeptical of ‘tolerance used as a policy’ when limits are set upon it. There is no freedom when others are oppressed (Miningco. 1)! Multiculturalism is, to some, racism in a politically- correct guise. It would turn this country into a collection of separatist groups competing with each other for power. Multiculturalism is a threat to education: instead of encouraging students to question their assumptions and the assumptions of their parents and society, multiculturalism demands that students accept blindly what they’re given. Many people have a very superficial view of racism (Gorski & Covert The Multicultural Pavilion 1). Racism is the notion that one’s race determines one’s identity. The spread of racism requires the destruction of an individual’s confidence in his own mind. The diversity movement claims that its goal is to extinguish racism and build tolerance of differences: this is a complete sham. Multicultural education is a transformative movement in education, which produces critically thinking, socially active members of society. It respects diversity while teaching all children to become effective and participating members of a democracy. It respects individuality while promoting respect for others. It emphasizes the contributions of the various groups (ethnic, gender, religious, sexual orientation, etc.) that make up the population of the world (Gorski & Covert ...

Employment Law Problem Question Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Employment Law Problem Question - Coursework Example ining employment in the food related industry, for a period of 6 months from the termination of employment and within 10 miles of the location of PPP. In accordance with the above discussion, it is obligatory for PPP to establish the reasonableness of this covenant. Moreover, the geographical restriction depends on the nature of the business and the competition. In some cases, the courts consider a restriction of 7 miles from the ex-employer’s premises as reasonable, whereas a one mile radius clause would be unreasonable in central London. In Allan Janes LLP v Johal,5 a solicitor’s post-termination covenant of 6 miles location, was deemed to be void, by the court, as it was very extensive. Nevertheless, a restrictive covenant for a 12 month period, with respect to an anti – client poaching was deemed to be valid.6 Similarly, a restriction of 10 miles from the location of PPP may be void – since it appears unreasonable. It is argued that the clause restrict s the employment opportunities of Arinder, to a major extant. In Hivac Ltd v Park Royal Scientific Instruments Ltd, the court dealt with the use of an item of information by an employee, subsequent to the termination of employment. The court ruled that a covenant in the service contract could not restrict disclosure of such information.7 An employer that believes an employee has breached a restriction relating to the period after termination of employment, may apply for an injunction from the court. Such application will seek an interlocutory injunction and delivery up or destruction of confidential information.8 In this problem, Arinder was instructed by DD to make a product that was similar to that he had prepared for PPP, when he was in their employment. Such act may cause damage to the legitimate business...This duty imposes three conditions upon the employer. First, if a practice at the workplace places a disabled person at a distinct disadvantage in comparison to individuals w ho are not disabled, then the employer has to take reasonable steps to avoid that disadvantage. Second, if a physical feature places a disabled person at a considerable disadvantage, with regard to a pertinent issue, in comparison to those who are not disabled, then the employer has to adopt whatever is reasonable to circumvent such disadvantage. Third, if a disabled person would be seriously disadvantaged in a relevant matter, in comparison to persons who are not disabled, in the absence of auxiliary aid.